Unit 1
Physical World and Measurement
Scope of physics, fundamental forces, SI units, dimensional analysis, significant figures, errors in measurement (systematic, random, gross errors)
Unit 2
Kinematics
Uniform and non-uniform motion, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, kinematic equations, projectile motion, relative velocity, circular motion (uniform and non-uniform)
Unit 3
Laws of Motion
Newton's 3 laws, inertia, linear momentum, impulse, friction (static, kinetic, rolling), free body diagrams, tension, normal force, banking of roads
Unit 4
Work, Energy and Power
Work-energy theorem, conservative forces, potential energy, conservation of mechanical energy, power, elastic and inelastic collisions in 1D and 2D
Unit 5
Motion of System of Particles
Centre of mass, torque, angular momentum, moment of inertia (rod, ring, disc, sphere), radius of gyration, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rolling motion
Unit 6
Gravitation
Kepler's laws (with proofs), Newton's universal law of gravitation, g at different heights/depths/latitudes, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, satellites (orbital velocity, geostationary)
Unit 7
Properties of Bulk Matter
Elasticity (stress-strain, Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio), fluid statics (pressure, Pascal's law, Archimedes), Bernoulli's theorem, viscosity (Stokes' law), surface tension (excess pressure, capillarity)
Unit 8
Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, latent heat; zeroth, first and second laws of thermodynamics; isothermal, adiabatic, isochoric processes; Carnot cycle and efficiency; Newton's law of cooling
Unit 9
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Assumptions, derivation of pressure of ideal gas, kinetic energy and temperature, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition, mean free path
Unit 10
Oscillations and Waves
SHM (displacement, velocity, acceleration, energy), simple pendulum (period, g calculation), damped oscillations; transverse/longitudinal waves, speed, superposition, standing waves, Doppler effect
Ch.1
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Significant figures, SI units, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's theory, mole concept, empirical and molecular formula, stoichiometry, limiting reagent calculations
Ch.2
Atomic Structure
Atomic models, dual nature, de Broglie wavelength, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, quantum numbers (n, l, m, s), orbital shapes, electronic configuration (Aufbau, Pauli, Hund), isotopes/isobars
Ch.3
Chemical Bonding
Ionic, covalent, coordinate bonds; Lewis structures; VSEPR theory; hybridisation (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2); MOT (H2, N2, O2, F2, CO, NO); dipole moment; H-bonding types
Ch.4
Periodic Table and Periodicity
Mendeleev's and modern periodic tables, s/p/d/f blocks, periodic trends (atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character) with explanation
Ch.5
Chemical Thermodynamics
System and surroundings, enthalpy (ΔH), Hess's law, bond enthalpies, entropy (ΔS), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), spontaneity conditions, equilibrium condition ΔG=0
Ch.6
Chemical Equilibrium
Law of mass action, Kc and Kp relation, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, pH calculations (strong/weak acid/base), buffer solutions, solubility product (Ksp), common ion effect
Ch.7
Hydrogen
Position in periodic table, isotopes, preparation (Bosch process, electrolysis), physical and chemical properties, reducing nature, uses, heavy water, hydrogen as fuel
Ch.8
s-Block Elements
Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) — general characteristics, anomalous properties of Li and Be, compounds (NaOH, Na2CO3, Na2SO4), biological importance
Ch.9
Organic Chemistry — Basic Principles
IUPAC nomenclature (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, functional groups), isomerism (structural, stereo), electronic effects (inductive, resonance, hyperconjugation), reaction intermediates
Ch.10
Hydrocarbons
Alkanes (free radical mechanism), alkenes (electrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule, anti-Markovnikov), alkynes, benzene (Kekule structure, EAS mechanism), aromaticity (Huckel's rule)
Ch.11
Environmental Chemistry
Atmospheric pollution (tropospheric — smog, acid rain; stratospheric — ozone depletion), water pollution, soil pollution, industrial waste, green chemistry
Section A · 1
Sets and Functions
Sets (types, operations, De Morgan's laws), relations (types), functions (domain, range, types — injective, surjective, bijective), composition, inverse functions, real-valued functions
Section A · 2
Complex Numbers
Argand plane, polar form, modulus and argument, De Moivre's theorem, cube roots of unity, n-th roots of a complex number, conjugate properties
Section A · 3
Quadratic Equations
Roots of quadratic equations over complex numbers, discriminant, sum and product of roots, equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots
Section A · 4
Sequence and Series
AP, GP, HP (harmonic progression), AM, GM, HM and their inequalities, sum of n terms of AP and GP, sum to infinity of GP, special series
Section A · 5
Permutations and Combinations
Fundamental counting principle, factorial notation, permutations (with and without repetition, circular), combinations, Pascal's triangle, binomial theorem
Section A · 6
Trigonometry
Compound angle formulae (sin/cos/tan of A±B), multiple angles (2A, 3A), sub-multiple angles, sum to product and product to sum formulae, solution of trig equations, inverse trig functions (detailed)
Section A · 7
Co-ordinate Geometry — Straight Lines and Circles
Straight lines (all forms, angle between lines, distance from point, family of lines), circle (standard, general, diameter form), intersection of line and circle, tangent conditions
Section A · 8
Conic Sections
Parabola, ellipse, hyperbola — standard forms, focus, directrix, eccentricity, latus rectum, tangent and normal equations
Section A · 9
Introduction to 3D Geometry
3D coordinate system, distance between two points, section formula, direction cosines and ratios, equation of a line in 3D
Section A · 10
Limits and Derivatives (Calculus)
Intuitive concept, algebra of limits, limits of trig functions, first principle of differentiation, derivatives of algebraic, trig, exponential, log functions, product, quotient, chain rule
Section A · 11
Mathematical Reasoning
Mathematically acceptable statements, negation, compound statements, connectives (and, or, implies), quantifiers, contrapositive, converse, inverse, truth tables, mathematical induction
Section A · 12
Statistics and Probability
Mean deviation, variance, standard deviation (grouped/ungrouped), coefficient of variation; probability (axiomatic, addition theorem, conditional probability, independent events, Bayes' theorem)
Unit 1 · Diversity
Diversity of Living Organisms
Need for classification, 5-kingdom system, viruses and viroids, Monera (bacteria — detailed), Protista, Fungi — features, examples, economic importance
Unit 1 · Diversity
Plant Kingdom
Algae (divisions, examples, economic importance), Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae — features, life cycles, alternation of generations (detailed)
Unit 1 · Diversity
Animal Kingdom
Classification (up to phylum level), basis of classification, non-chordates (Porifera to Echinodermata), chordates (Urochordata to Mammalia) — features and examples
Unit 2 · Structural Org.
Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Root (types, modifications), stem (modifications), leaf (modifications, venation, phyllotaxy), flower (parts, types), inflorescence, fruit, seed; anatomy (primary growth, secondary growth)
Unit 3 · Cell Biology
Cell: Structure and Function
Cell theory, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic (detailed comparison), all organelles (structure and function), cell membrane (fluid mosaic model), nucleus, cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis (detailed)
Unit 3 · Cell Biology
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates (mono, di, polysaccharides), proteins (amino acids, peptide bonds, levels of structure), lipids (types), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA structure), enzymes (detailed mechanism, inhibition)
Unit 4 · Plant Physiology
Plant Physiology
Transport (osmosis, plasmolysis, transpiration pull, phloem loading), mineral nutrition (macro and micro elements, deficiency), photosynthesis (light and dark reactions, C3/C4), respiration (glycolysis, Kreb's, ETC), plant growth regulators
Unit 5 · Human Physiology
Human Physiology — I
Digestion and absorption (alimentary canal, enzymes, villus absorption), breathing (respiratory system, mechanism, exchange of gases, transport of O2 and CO2, regulation)
Unit 5 · Human Physiology
Human Physiology — II
Circulation (blood composition, ABO/Rh groups, cardiac cycle, ECG), excretion (nephron, urine formation, dialysis), locomotion and movement (muscle contraction mechanism), neural and chemical coordination
English Language
Comprehension and Essay Writing
Unseen comprehension passage (inference, vocabulary, language questions), directed writing (speech, article, report, letter), essay (argumentative, discursive, narrative)
Literature
Treasure Trove — Prose and Poetry
ISC prescribed collection — short stories and poems: detailed comprehension, theme analysis, character study, figures of speech, appreciation
Drama / Novel
Prescribed Play / Novel
Study of the prescribed ISC play and novel for 2026-27 — theme, character, plot, literary devices
Grammar
Advanced Grammar
Transformation of sentences, synthesis, analysis, vocabulary in context, idioms and phrases, one-word substitution, voice and narration