Class 11 CBSE
2026-27 Syllabus.

Scope of physics, nature of physical laws, fundamental forces, physics and technology

SI units, fundamental and derived units, dimensions, dimensional analysis, errors in measurement, significant figures

Frame of reference, displacement, velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, acceleration, kinematic equations, relative velocity

Scalars and vectors, vector operations, projectile motion, uniform circular motion, relative velocity in 2D

Newton's 3 laws, impulse, friction (static, kinetic, rolling), circular motion dynamics, concept of inertia

Work-Energy theorem, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of mechanical energy, power, collisions (elastic and inelastic)

Centre of mass, torque, angular momentum, moment of inertia, rolling motion (without slipping), theorems of MOI

Kepler's laws, Newton's law of gravitation, gravitational constant G, acceleration due to gravity (g), variation with height/depth, escape velocity, orbital velocity, satellites

Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, elastic moduli (Young's, Bulk, Shear modulus), Poisson's ratio

Pressure, Pascal's law, Archimedes' principle, streamline flow, Bernoulli's theorem, viscosity, surface tension, capillary rise

Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, latent heat, heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), Newton's law of cooling

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law, heat, work, first law of thermodynamics, isothermal/adiabatic processes, second law, reversible/irreversible processes, Carnot engine and its efficiency

Kinetic theory, equation of state of perfect gas, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, mean free path, Avogadro's number

Periodic motion, SHM (simple harmonic motion), energy in SHM, free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance, simple pendulum

Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of wave, displacement relation, superposition principle, reflection, standing waves, resonance, Doppler effect

Matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, stoichiometry, limiting reagent

Atomic models (Bohr), dual nature of matter, de Broglie equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, orbital shapes, Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion, Hund's rule

Genesis of periodic classification, modern periodic table, electronic configuration and types of elements, periodic trends: atomic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency

Ionic, covalent bonds, Lewis structure, VSEPR theory, bond parameters, dipole moment, hybridisation, molecular orbital theory (H₂, O₂, N₂, F₂), hydrogen bonding

System and surroundings, enthalpy (H), Hess's law, standard enthalpies of formation, bond enthalpies, entropy (S), Gibbs energy (G), spontaneity, equilibrium

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, law of mass action, Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, pH, buffers, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, solubility product

Oxidation and reduction, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions (ion-electron method and oxidation number method), applications

IUPAC nomenclature, classification, electronic displacement (inductive, mesomeric, hyperconjugation), types of organic reactions, homolytic/heterolytic bond cleavage, intermediates

Alkanes (free radical substitution), alkenes (mechanism of addition), alkynes, Markovnikov's rule, aromatic hydrocarbons (Hückel rule, EAS mechanism), aromaticity

Sets and their representations, empty set, finite and infinite sets, equal sets, subsets, power set, Venn diagrams, operations (union, intersection, complement)

Ordered pairs, Cartesian product, relations, types of functions (one-one, onto, bijective), composition of functions, domain and range, graphs

Angles, degree and radian, trig functions, signs in quadrants, domain and range, graphs, trig identities, sum and product formulas, inverse trig functions (basic), principal value

Complex numbers, Argand plane, modulus and argument, De Moivre's theorem, algebraic operations, roots of quadratic equations with complex roots

Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable, graphical solutions, inequalities in two variables, system of linear inequalities

Fundamental principle of counting, factorial, permutations with and without repetition, combinations, binomial coefficient, applications

Binomial theorem for positive integral index, Pascal's triangle, general and middle term, coefficient of x^r, binomial coefficients properties

Arithmetic Progression (AP), Geometric Progression (GP), Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean, sum of n terms, sum to infinity of GP, special series (Σn, Σn², Σn³)

Brief recall of 2D geometry, slope, equations of lines (various forms), angle between lines, distance from a point to a line, family of lines

Sections of a cone, circle (standard form, general form), parabola, ellipse, hyperbola — standard forms, foci, directrix, eccentricity, latus rectum

Coordinate axes and planes in 3D, coordinates of a point, distance between two points, section formula in 3D

Limits of polynomials, rational, trig functions, limits at infinity, algebra of limits, first principle of derivative, derivatives of polynomial, trig, exponential and log functions, chain rule

Measures of dispersion (range, mean deviation, variance, standard deviation), analysis of frequency distributions, comparison of variability

Random experiments, sample space, events, axiomatic approach, addition theorem, conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, independent events

What is living? Diversity in living organisms, taxonomic categories, taxonomical aids, keys and herbaria

5-kingdom classification (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia), viruses, viroids, lichens, basis of classification

Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms — salient features, classification, alternation of generations

Basis of classification, non-chordata (Porifera to Echinodermata) and chordata — salient features, phylogenetic position, key examples

Root, stem, leaf (modifications), flower, inflorescence, fruit, seed — morphology and modifications

Tissue systems, anatomy of dicot/monocot root, stem, leaf, secondary growth

Animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, neural), morphology and anatomy of cockroach (brief), frog

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell theory, cell organelles (detailed) — nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, Golgi, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, cytoskeleton

Structure of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes (nature, mechanism, factors affecting), metabolism overview

Cell cycle phases, mitosis (stages, significance), meiosis (stages I and II, significance), difference between mitosis and meiosis

Diffusion, osmosis, water potential, plasmolysis, long distance transport — xylem (transpiration pull) and phloem (pressure flow hypothesis), mineral nutrition, ion transport

Essential minerals and their role, deficiency symptoms, mechanisms of mineral absorption, nitrogen metabolism

Light and dark reactions, photophosphorylation, C3 and C4 pathways, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis

Glycolysis, aerobic respiration (Kreb's cycle, ETC), anaerobic respiration, respiratory quotient, energy calculations

Plant growth phases, growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, ABA, ethylene), photoperiodism, vernalisation, seed dormancy

Alimentary canal, digestive glands, digestion of carbohydrates/proteins/fats, absorption, assimilation, disorders

Respiratory system, mechanism of breathing, exchange and transport of O₂ and CO₂, respiratory volumes, disorders

Blood composition, blood groups (ABO, Rh), coagulation, lymph, circulatory system, cardiac cycle, ECG, disorders

Modes of excretion, human excretory system, urine formation, tubular reabsorption, regulation of kidney function, disorders

Types of movement, skeletal muscle structure, mechanism of muscle contraction, types of joints, skeletal system overview, disorders

Neurons and nerves, CNS and PNS, reflex arc, sensory organs (ear and eye) — structure and function, neural impulse

Endocrine glands and hormones (hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads), hormone action, feedback regulation

Khushwant Singh — comprehension, themes, appreciation

Gordon Cook & Alan East — survival, comprehension, language

A.R. Williams — comprehension, vocabulary, questions

Shirley Toulson — theme, figures of speech, poetic devices

Ted Hughes — imagery, symbolism, appreciation

William Saroyan — comprehension, character, theme

Notice writing, formal letter, informal letter, article, speech, debate, essay — all formats practiced

Unseen passage (factual, descriptive, literary), case-based passages, inference, vocabulary, tone questions