Class 9 CBSE
2026-27 Syllabus.

Rational numbers, representation on number line, density of rationals, decimal representation, irrational numbers, proof of irrationality of √2 and √3, square root spiral

Algebraic expressions, definition of polynomial, degree, linear polynomials, linear growth and decay, slope and y-intercept, graphing linear equations in two variables

Algebraic identities, geometric visualisation, factorisation using identities, quadratic expressions using algebra tiles, Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem, simplifying rational expressions, Brahmagupta's quadratic formula

Linear equations, graphical representation, slope-intercept form, pair of linear equations, graphical and algebraic methods (substitution, elimination), consistency and inconsistency, real-life applications

Brief history, 2D Cartesian coordinate system, coordinates, distance between two points, midpoint of a line segment — distance formula is new addition in 2026-27

History of geometry, Sulbasutras square construction, Euclid's definitions, axioms of measurement, 5 postulates, parallelism, role of definitions and axioms in proving results

Rays and angles, measures of angles, intersecting lines, pairs of angles, linear pair theorem, vertically opposite angles, parallel lines — corresponding, alternate, interior angles, triangle angle properties

Practical applications, triangle rigidity, congruence (SAS, SSS, ASA, RHS, AAS), isosceles triangle properties, propositions and their converses, counter examples for SSA

Properties and characterisation of parallelograms, midpoint theorem and converse, medians concurrent (2:1 ratio), 4-gon formed by midpoints is parallelogram, reflection and rotation symmetries, tiling with 4-gons

Circle definitions, chords and angles subtended, perpendicular bisectors of chords, equidistant chords, angle at centre = double at remaining circle, angles in same segment, cyclic quadrilateral (supplementary opposite angles)

Perimeter of shapes, circumference, introduction to Pi (irrationality), length of arc, area of shapes (rectangles, parallelograms, triangles), Heron's formula, area of circle, sector, Brahmagupta's formula for cyclic quadrilateral — new in 2026-27

Cuboid, cube, cylinder, cone, pyramid, sphere and hemisphere — surface area and volume. Note: Full set of solids now in 2026-27 (previously only sphere/cone were summative)

Graphical representation of data (bar graphs, histograms, stacked bar graphs, 100% stacked bar graphs), measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), weighted average

Discovery of cell, plant vs animal cell, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic, cell as structural and functional unit, organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, vacuoles, plasma membrane, cell wall), permeability, cell division, osmosis

Levels of organisation in living organisms, plant tissues (meristematic, permanent — parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem), animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous), musculoskeletal system basics

Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, solutions/suspensions/colloids and properties, concentration expression (mass by mass %, mass by volume %, volume by volume %), separation techniques: crystallisation, distillation, paper chromatography, sublimation, centrifugation, coagulation

Law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportion, Dalton's atomic theory, molecules of elements and compounds, ions, ionic and covalent compounds, chemical formulae, molecular mass, formula unit mass, electron dot structures

Subatomic particles, atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr), electron distribution in shells (K,L,M,N — up to 18 elements), valency, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, isobars, IUPAC symbols

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, position-time and velocity-time graphs (uniform & uniformly accelerated motion), kinematic equations derived by graphical method, speed for uniform circular motion

Force and motion, balanced and unbalanced forces, friction, Newton's 3 laws, SI unit of force. Note: Gravitation merged here in 2026-27 — mass vs weight, universal law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity (g)

Work done, work-energy theorem, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of energy, power. New addition 2026-27: Simple machines — pulley, inclined plane, lever; mechanical advantage

Production and propagation, longitudinal wave, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, speed of sound, human perception (pitch, loudness), reflection, echo, reverberation, echolocation — new in 2026-27

Causes and impact on European nations, quest for imperialism, sources of revolution. Map: Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris, Marseille on France map

French vs Russian Revolution comparison, Lenin's communism, Stalin's collectivisation. Map: WWI Central Powers and Allied Powers

Treaty of Versailles, Hitler's rise, genocidal war, propaganda. Map: WWII Axis and Allied Powers

Interdisciplinary project with Geography Ch.5. Impact of colonialism on forests, commercial forestry, rebellions in Java and India

Latitudinal/longitudinal extent, 82.5°E standard meridian, states & capitals, Tropic of Cancer, neighbours

Himalayas, Northern plains, Peninsular plateau, Indian desert, coastal plains, islands. Map: Karakoram, Zanskar, Shivalik, Aravali, Vindhya, Satpura, Western/Eastern Ghats, K2, Kanchenjunga, Anai Mudi, Deccan/Chota Nagpur/Malwa plateaus

River systems of India, lakes, ecology. Map: Indus, Ganges, Sutlej, Narmada, Tapti, Kaveri, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi; Lakes: Wular, Pulicat, Sambar, Chilika

Effect of monsoon winds, temperatures across India's regions. Map: Annual rainfall, monsoon wind direction

Interdisciplinary project with History Ch.4. Map pointing only in annual exam.

Uneven distribution, density by state, factors affecting density. Map: Population density of all states

Structural components, features, comparison across countries, historical processes that promoted democracy

Situation leading to Indian Constitution, essential features, guiding values, roles and responsibilities as citizens

Power of vote, essential features of Indian electoral system, rationale for present system

Roles and interdependency of 3 organs of government, parliamentary accountability, rule of law

Importance of Fundamental Rights and Duties, responsible citizenship

Quality of population, government schemes, human capital formation, education and health

Reasons for rural/urban poverty, government efficacy, link between education and poverty

Aspects of food security, PDS, impact of Green Revolution, famines pre and post independence

Isaac Asimov — futuristic education, comprehension, vocabulary, character study

Evelyn Glennie + Bismillah Khan — reading comprehension and language exercises

Katherine Mansfield — character analysis, vocabulary

Albert Einstein — biography, comprehension, appreciation

Robert Frost — theme, figures of speech, poetic appreciation

Subramania Bharati — symbolism, figures of speech, meaning

Mulk Raj Anand — comprehension, inference, questions

Active/passive voice, direct/indirect speech, transformation of sentences, tense revision, agreement of verb with subject

Formal and informal letter (choice between two), comprehension passage, notice, diary entry, paragraph and story writing

पात्र चित्रण, मुख्य विषय, महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न, शब्द भंडार

यात्रा-वृत्तांत — पाठबोध, महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न

विचारपरक निबंध — उपभोक्तावाद, संस्कृति, पाठबोध

दोहे, अर्थ, दार्शनिक विषय, भाव सौंदर्य

कश्मीरी कवयित्री — भक्ति, अर्थ, काव्य सौंदर्य

पूरक पाठ्यपुस्तक — पाठबोध और प्रश्न

संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रिया, काल, संधि, समास, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय, मुहावरे, पर्यायवाची, विलोम

औपचारिक पत्र (शिकायत, प्रार्थना), अनौपचारिक पत्र (मित्र, परिजन), वर्णनात्मक और विचारात्मक निबंध